June through August are "peak" times for travel to Alaska. You'll find that the Alaska travelers are generally a bit older and more sedate than, say, those that do Caribeean cruises. Cruises to Alaska start as early as May, but end in late September -- so November wouldn't be an option! The early cruises and later cruises have the possibility of running into very cold and/or snowy weather! The first time we went to Alaska we went around June 21-- summer solstice..and were in awe at the 22 hours of daylight! This time we're going in late August and early September.
You'll not find very many kids on Alaska cruises...and the ones who are there seem better behaved, and more involved in the "nature" aspect of Alaska cruises.
Princess lines has long been involved in Alaska, and has some priority in getting access to now-restricted areas like Glacier Bay. You'd need to travel to Vancouver at least from New York, if you're going southbound to northbound. I'd schedule at least two days travel -- one to get to Vancouver, another to allow for any travel glitches, and time to get accustomed to time zone changes. Most basic Alaska cruises are 7 days -- Vancouver to Seward (Anchorage), or the reverse, although now there are some round-trip cruises that don't go as far north as Seward, and begin and end in Seattle, and/or San Francisco. Crystal Cruises --a very upscale cruise line -- has a round-trip out of San Francisco that sounds wonderful, if your budget allows it!
The BEST way to see Alaska is to arrange to do a land tour, of 5-7 days. Generally the best way to do this is to fly into Fairbanks, and travel from there, to Denali national park, for example, or othr such areas. And then eventually travel down to Seward to catch your ship, and travel down the coast to Vancouver.
Vancouver is a lovely city! Of course, living in New York, it might not be as special to you as it was to us lowly midwesterners
, but it is very upscale, cosmopolitan, with plenty to do. Depending on how much time you have, a day..or more..in Vancouver, certainly wouldn't be a waste of your travel time or budget!
Alaska is awewome, whether you spend 7 days or 15 days. We're going again, and I' hope not for the last time! (We're going on Princess for our second cruise -- a great line, in my opinion!)