Well, somebody said they booked a September cruise to Alaska to avoid kids! I'm sorry to tell you this, but the average cruiser to Alaska are middle-aged and above, and VERY few kids. Our first cruise to Alaska (I was 52, my husband 58) was in June of 1999 -- "peak season" for kids...and we saw maybe a dozen pretty well-behaved youngsters on board (the Island Princess).
September weather in Alaska -- think late fall in the midwest. High 40's to high 50's. It rains *a lot* in Alaska, particularly in the lower part, from Vancouver, to Skagway, Ketchikan, so it's important to be ready for rain -- and an extra pair of shoes wouldn't hurt, as your feet can get wet and cold.
Even in late June we wished we'd brought gloves -- standing on deck, watching the glaciers, got QUITE cold on the hands! And yes, dress in layers. It can be quite chilly on the ship -- wind off glaciers is icy!, and then when you get into the towns away from the wind, it can be warm and sunny.
I just read that Anchorage had it's hottest day in 40 years, a day or so ago -- got to 84 degrees! They must have thought they were in Hades! It NEVER is that warm, there. When we were there in late June, it was in the low 70's, and people were complaining that it was too warm.
We're heading to Alaska ourselves in early September (August 30 - September 6) and already have laid out gloves and a scarf.. Won't be unprepared this time!